The Function of Desire in Relationships Between a Man and a Youth Essay

The structure and capacity of various sorts of sexual connections were a significant piece of Athenian culture, and numerous standards and conventions conformed to these connections dependent on the mores of society. The male residents were viewed as the most significant fragment of the populace, and numerous Greek essayists address the social shows, goals, and convictions that conformed to these connections. The three principle sorts of sexual connections that included a male resident are marriage, the connection between a youngster and a more seasoned guide, and sexual experiences with whores. Plato’s Symposium, an exchange on the idea of adoration and want, portrays a large number of the convictions that Athenians held, particularly about the connection between a man and a young. The principle focal point of this paper is the perfect capacity and spot of want in these male with male connections, and the advantages this specific bond held for society. The socially acknowledged structure of these connections between an Athenian man and youth was described by interest and romance with respect to the man. He was to pursue an appealing youth, planning to make him his darling [eromenos]. The more seasoned man was relied upon to be the forceful accomplice, seeking after the adolescent out of his suggestive want. Thus, the adored was required to be the inactive accomplice, dismissing the man’s progresses for a decent measure of time, and afterward to enter the relationship to pick up the more established man as a guide, not as a sexual accomplice. This forceful man and aloof youth structure proceeded into sexual acts, with the more seasoned male going about as the prevailing, infiltrating accomplice, while the more youthful man was the latent open accomplice. As indicated by social guidelines, be that as it may, it was considered emascul... ...in parentage of any youngsters the spouse may bring forth after this time. In the domain of legislative issues, an inability to serve or to satisfy ones obligations was additionally a stain on the respect of the family and family-it is depicted as substantially more open than the perfect private bond among sweetheart and darling. This appearance of Celestial love profited both the sweetheart and adored, just as serving society by making a solid bond that was described by its respect and excellence. This security created the most remarkable type of steadfastness a resident man would understanding, and he accepts that more than some other dependability, this adoration would make men noteworthy in fight, legislative issues, and business so as to make their dearest glad. Thusly, the adored tried to learn structure his tutor so as to turn into a good resident and individual, in the end giving these qualities to his own darling.

What is the link between individual learning and organisational Essay

What is the connection between singular learning and hierarchical learning - Essay Example This principally requires the responsibility and commitment of the top administration since top administration essentially expect the dynamic force. The procedure of hierarchical learning incorporates presentation and usage of progress. Change presentation and execution is probably the greatest test before a director in light of the fact that the change causes upgrading of the hierarchical strategies which is against the privileges of a few partners, the greater part of which are inside the authoritative workforce. Similarly, singular learning is aimed at reflecting upon individual encounters so as to distinguish the mix-ups just as methodologies that might be received later on so as to stay away from them. As individual learning includes revising individual conduct to improve things, it is simply the principle segment advancement. Change is the essential component of both association learning and individual learning. The organization experiencing the change makes one not the same as the other, however both impact and are affected by one another. The connection between singular learning and the association learning is exceptionally solid but then feeble. The two may not generally be combined up with one another. An association might be able to take educated choices with the greater part regarding its staff being unlearned and the other way around. This paper examines the connection between association learning and individual learning. Singular learning, as the name shows, mirrors the level or degree to which people of an association are found out. Individual’s learning is of incredible centrality to the association since association accomplishes its goals with the endeavors of people that make some portion of it. Despite the fact that individuals’ learning is a significant component of authoritative accomplishment overall, yet it isn't the sole determinant of the accomplishment as the choices and activities coming about because of individuals’ learning need the help and endorsement of particular offices and specialists which are outside the ability to control of the people. In an authoritative arrangement, individuals are composed in a various leveled structure which is commonly known as the association structure. Various people are alloted various jobs and obligations inside the association structure and everyone is considered responsible as far as it matters for him of the game. As needs be, there is a circulation of dynamic force among the authoritative faculty. In an ordinary arrangement, subordinates normally are not associated with the dynamic and the top administration accept total dynamic force, however it is one of the trademark highlights of educated associations that they do include and pick up the assent of subordinates in the dynamic while resting a definitive force with the top administration. In the traditional arrangement, a subordinate might be educated, experienced and actually solid, however these characteristics of the subordinate are of little significance in light of the fact that their presentation is limited by the negligible job of the subordinate in the accomplishment of the hierarchical targets. The people don't expect enough rights to exercise and in this manner need to give up before the authoritative culture. Learned associations are described by the inclusion of complete association structure in the dynamic procedure. In spite of the fact t hat subordinates are not capable enough to comprehend the complexities and prerequisites of

Career Planning How to Choose and Climb the Career Ladder

Career Planning How to Choose and Climb the Career Ladder It’s rather common to find yourself in a job you don’t enjoy or simply discover yourself a bit lost about where you’re going professionally. At the same time, you probably have dreams of what you’d love to do, but you might not know how to go about achieving them. © Shutterstock.com | Sergey NivensIn these situations, career planning should be something to consider. In this guide, we’ll explain what career planning is and the steps you need to take to choose and climb the career ladder.WHAT IS CAREER PLANNING?Career planning is a process, which helps you manage and understand your own learning and development. It’s a long-term process and you should focus on career planning throughout your career. It’s therefore, not a one-time plan, but a creation of a plan, which you can regularly update and re-evaluate.Whilst you should regularly re-examine your career plan, there are a few occasions when it’s especially beneficial to do so.When you are starting at university or other career school.When you are about to finish your studies.During your career, especially when you are training or taking extra courses.During job changes, such as looking for new jobs or if you’ve lost your job.Although career planning is a process best started when y ou’re still studying, you don’t need to feel it’s too late to start if you’re in the later stages of your career. Wherever you are in life in terms of your career, you can always give it a better sense of direction by venturing into career planning.The aim of career planning is to help you:Better understand your interests, skills, values and preferences, especially regarding your career, but also personal life.Find the work and the learning options suitable for you in terms of your skills and goals.Ensure the work and career you choose fits your personal circumstances.Manage the changes that happen in both your career and personal life.Career planning isn’t difficult. In fact, it can provide more direction to your life and make your job more fulfilling and exciting.Listen to Apple CEO Tim Cooks experience with career planning. WHAT SHOULD YOU KNOW BEFORE CHOOSING YOUR CAREER LADDER?Career planning and career ladder climbing should always begin with two simple steps.First, you need to understand your strengths and weaknesses and second, you must figure out the skills your ideal job requires.Step 1: Mapping your strengths and weaknessesFinding the right career path is easier once you know more about yourself. It’s not a good idea to pick a job randomly, without thinking about the strengths your skillset and personality might bring to the role. In addition, understanding the weaknesses you have can eliminate the roles you would not enjoy.For example, not all of us are interested or even good at helping out other people. If you don’t critically analyze your own personality, you might find yourself in a customer service job you hate.The best way to start mapping out your strengths and weaknesses is by answering the following questions:What are my strengths? Perhaps you can speak five languages or you are good at solving problems. You want to use this as a guide to finding the careers that require these skills.What are my weaknesses? You might not be g ood at math or you don’t like to spend time with children. These can help you eliminate career paths, like accounting and nursing, which you are clearly not suited for.What are the things I want from a job? Do you want to be part of a team or work on your own? Is financial reward important to you? It’s crucial to think what ultimate drives you professionally.What are the things that are the most important to me, both in personal life and in a career? Are you more family or career oriented? Do you value having flexible schedule?The above questions are worthy of asking even if you are already employed. It’s never too late to start thinking about our own values and personality. It might well be that your strengths over the years have changed and it’s time to change the career path with them.Furthermore, you should also think about the follow-up questions:Where am I now professionally? This can be both the subject you’re studying or the job you currently hold.Where would I wan t to be professionally? What is the role you’d rather be in, in case it isn’t the one you are currently studying for or holding a job?If you are struggling with some of the questions, such as understanding your strengths and weaknesses, it can be a good idea to ask advice from friends and family. They might point out characteristics that you didn’t necessarily think as your strengths.Learn the key to success from Chess Grandmaster Gary Kasparov. Step 2: Mapping the skills needed for your ideal jobThe above is going to help you find a direction for your career path. You can examine your strengths and use them to find the ideal career for yourself. You can even use career tests for determining a list of suitable roles based on your personality.Your next move is to map out the skills you need to achieve in order to fulfil the dreams you have in terms of your professional goals. Start by answering the following questions:What careers meet my skills and my interests? Have a list of the roles that suit your skills and interests the best.What are the best ways to obtain the required skills? Is it by studying or through work experience, for example?What options do I have for pursuing my favorite career? Where do I find them? Does the career require a degree or a specific set of qualifications? How and where can you obtain them?What non-work activities am I pursuing that might help me? Depending on the career it might be that your hobbies give you an added advantage. For example, you might be an amateur photographer who wants to eventually become a renowned wedding photographer.The idea is to create a list of the options you have in terms of your career path. For instance, it can be possible to start your own bakery business by studying at a baking school or by pursuing it as a hobby at first.Check out the TEDx video about finding a career  youll love. PLANNING YOUR CAREER PATHThe above steps helped you understand your skills, needs and values, and to find out ho w these can help you get on the right career path. Your next move requires you to focus on creating a career path that gets you on the career ladder.Develop a career roadmapFirst, you need to develop a roadmap of the career goals you’d like to achieve. The roadmap should include the ultimate goal, the dream career or position you want to have. This could be the dream of starting your own construction business, becoming a CEO of a fashion company, or obtaining a good management job at a hospitality firm, for example.Furthermore, the roadmap needs to include the short-term milestones that get you closer to this ultimate goal. The milestones should be annual, meaning your ultimate goal is set to around 10 years time, for instance. For that duration, you can then identify 10 or less smaller milestones, which ensure you achieve the goal in time.Start by researching the different career routes that can get you there. For instance, in order to become the CEO, you might first want to gain experience as a middle manager, a senior manager and so on.Part of the roadmap will also include skill development. In most instances, in order to progress on the career ladder, you’ll need to constantly develop your skills and gain experience in the industry.When it comes to training and skills, think about:What are the new skills you need to meet your next career objective and to reach the milestone? Your next move might require a course on a specific subject or technique, such as the ability to use certain accounting software. You might also need to gain experience in middle management for three years before looking for a promotion. Maybe you need to be able to code.What are the new trends within the industry you need to know about? Your industry might have started using new technologies or techniques, which could help you on your career path. For example, as a beautician you’d need to learn about new facial care products and even techniques.Study your past routeThe second p art of the planning process is especially important for people who are already on the career ladder. It helps analyze the past choices and evaluate their importance going forward. Nonetheless, everyone should keep the step in mind, when re-evaluating his or her career path.The idea is to regularly look at the milestones created above and see if you are achieving your goals. You also want to focus on the right and wrong decisions you’ve made in terms of your career. By understanding the right moves and perhaps more importantly the wrong ones, you can use the knowledge to your advantage.For instance, you might realize that taking time off to study has stalled your career progression and it would be more beneficial to simply train while working.It’s auspicious to have a career roadmap, not just for the future, but also of the past. The roadmap of the past will allow you to reflect on the past choices. You should list all of your past career moves, both jobs and studies you’ve und ertaken. Include the changes you’ve experienced. Once you’ve done it, examine the roadmap closer.Ask yourself:What is good about your past choices? What are the roles that have got you ahead?What would you do differently now? Are there specific career choices that didn’t work out as well for you?HOW TO CLIMB THE CAREER LADDER QUICKER?Climbing the career ladder can be difficult, especially if you don’t have a career plan. Therefore, it’s essential to focus on the above points before you try to speed up your career progression. The above would have provided you with goals, short- and long-term, and cleared the path to achieving them.Once you are clear about your objectives, you can climb up the career ladder quicker by focusing on two steps. You want to learn to use your accomplishments as a tool and point out innovative ideas for your managers and colleagues in order to gain recognition.Step 1: Keep a record of your accomplishmentsSome people are rather shy when it comes to their achievements, but in order to climb the career ladder you must learn to take pride in the work you’ve done. You shouldn’t become arrogant, but you need to take ownership of your accomplishments.Start by keeping a clear record of the things you’ve achieved during your career. This should include promotions, bonuses for exceptional work and any other industry related awards you might have achieved. Include any other major accomplishments that can highlight a particular skill of yours. Perhaps you’ve been recognized by a charity or a non-profit organization for your voluntary or even paid work.Ensure the accomplishments reflect on the skills and characteristics required in the roles and jobs you are aiming for. When you are ready to move on the ladder, communicate these accomplishments clearly to the prospective employer. Remember that depending on the role and the point you are in your career, certain accomplishments are better suited for the application.You want to use the achievements at the core of building your resume, as they can instantly highlight the transferable skills you have. With a resume full of the right kinds of accomplishments, you can start taking your career to the next level.You shouldn’t just mention your achievements when applying for new roles.In fact, it is important to keep mentioning the positive feedback you receive to your managers. For instance, if your clients are telling you that you do an amazing job, you can let your boss know about it in a non-arrogant manner. You can write a quick note to them, saying, “Hi, just wanted to let you know that I sealed the deal with client A after weeks of negotiating. A just sent me email stating how happy they were with the results. Great news!”In short: Be the employee every employer wishes for. Step 2: Point out opportunitiesFinally, in order to boost your chances of being hired further on the career ladder and climbing closer to your goal, you need to be active in the work place. Taking the initiative and making recommendations around the workplace can ensure people take notice.If you identify a problem in an organization or simply a better way of doing something, don’t be afraid to talk about it with the management. Don’t suggest changes by saying, “You’re doing this wrong”, but point out the benefits of changing course.For instance, “I was thinking about the accounting software we use and found out about this other program. I looked at it briefly and it seemed to be able to do these two functions at the same time with less cost. I thought you might be interested in having a look.”You don’t want to be pointing fingers or accusing others of doing things wrong, but rather, explaining the benefits to everyone of the different approach.The saying, “The early bird gets the worm’ is true. If you are actively looking at ways to solve problems or improving the organization you work for, you are presenting yourself as an innovative and ent husiastic worker. The ability to think outside the box will surely be noticed by the organization.The ability to innovate also refers more widely to the industry you operate in. Don’t lie low and just hope you can climb the ladder some day. Become an active member within the industry and try to find ways to make it better. This means participating in business events, blogging about the industry, participating in seminars and speaking about the sector, and continuously improving your skills and understanding.Finally, a great way to network with contacts and to improve your career progression is by mentoring. If you can be the guide for new people in your organization or mentor other entrepreneurs, you create a powerful networking opportunity. Furthermore, you’ll also develop your personal brand into someone who’s trustworthy and helpful.Climbing the career ladder isn’t about elbowing other people out of the way. If you help others than they are more likely to return the favor . The young boy delivering goods at your company might well be the CEO of a company one day. If you gave him tips, he might well hire you as the VP of his company.CONCLUSIONChoosing the perfect career path requires careful examination of yourself and the options around you. It is important to take time to carefully map your interests and dreams because finding the right career will guarantee you’re more satisfied in your personal life as well.In order to steer your career towards the right objectives, you need to remember to stay positive and behave in a constructive and positive manner. Climbing the career ladder requires constant re-evaluation, but it’s always best achieved when you approach it positively.

Analysis and Asses the Challenges International Companies Face in China Free Essay Example, 2500 words

A large number of foreign companies, particularly consumer goods companies, position their products targeting the biggest and most sophisticated markets, such as Beijing and Shanghai. A number of global companies like the FMCG majors Coca-Cola, Nestl , and Procter Gamble are having good success having touched billion-dollar sales with this strategy. But other foreign companies have found or still finding it extremely difficult to cross even the break-even cost. It is such a difficult situation for the companies. Foreign companies will continue to target and strive in the premium segment as the market is still growing and margins are big enough to earn a reasonable return and also it is easy for them to strike a perfect or in other words easy communication with the elite segment. But whether foreign players have already hit the $1 billion mark or are still striving for their first $100 million, many companies expect big growth in the much larger middle- and lower-income segments, wh ich account for 90% by volume of China's entire consumer goods market. (forbes. com, 2004). The local companies just follow selling the concept and just have the strong communication advantage and nothing else. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis and Asses the Challenges International Companies Face in China or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Meanwhile, the Asian world was offered the empty promise, "Pepsi will raise your ancestors from the dead! " (Wadharmi).

The New House Bill 4321 - 1466 Words

The ombudsman is supposed to protect detainees who are part of the immigration system; to make sure that their rights have not been and are not being violated by those belonging to the immigration system. His position is supposed to change how detainees will be represented and treated while being held in detention centers. The position also entails that they have the right to give suggestions on how to improve the administrative practices, services, and responsiveness of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration. They also have other responsibilities in which their position is supposed to better the relationship of the Bureau, the detainees, and the people in the United States. The new House Bill was giving the ombudsman more responsibility than what the original bill had stated. There still was many issues within the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration. House Bill 4321 objective, for this section, was to increase the possibilities in how the ombudsman could help improve the depart ment. The new House Bill 4321 is fixing the issue that the people in the United States have with the people working in the detention center and how they function. People have many critiques on the cleanliness, structure, function, health facilities, respect, and accountability that detainees are receiving while being in custody. Many people criticize detention centers because they are not clean, and they have human being living in a place that is dirty and unsanitary. People fighting theShow MoreRelatedU.s. Lng Exportation Policy And The Wto8704 Words   |  35 Pagesashx?n= PETs= WTIMUS2f=W (last updated Oct. 22, 2014); US. Natural Gas Imports Exports 2013, U.S. ENERGY INFO. ADMIN., U.S. DEP T OF ENERGY, http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/importsexports/annual/ (last updated May 28, 2014); 3 IHS, AMERICA S NEW ENERGY FUTURE: THE UNCONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS REVOLUTION AND THE US ECONOMY 11 (2013). 9. See, e.g., AM. PETROLEUM INST., WHAT Is FRACKING AND UNCONVENTIONAL OIL AND NATURAL GAS DEVELOPMENT? (2013), available at

Mind Styles examined in American Psycho Free Essays

Desires and fears seem so different, yet are at the root of each other. If you say, â€Å"l want to be loved,† it’s the same thing as saying â€Å"I’m afraid I won’t be loved. † Bronte’s Wuthering Heights and Ford Madox Ford’s The Good Soldier manage to show how similar desire and fear truly are. We will write a custom essay sample on Mind Styles examined in American Psycho or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wuthering Heights is saturated with desire and fear and the two play off of one another in a way that makes them so homogeneous. Similarly, The Good Soldier draws on the desires of many of the characters and in turn the fears, which encapsulate them. Both Bronte and Ford engage with these deas through the use of character, theme, and in a more generic way narration. Desire is linked most commonly with the romance novel, which is what The Good Soldier and Wuthering heights partially allude to. Many scholars classify Wuthering Heights as a gothic novel, even though the story centers around romance and relationships.. Wuthering Heights engages with the concept of desire from its opening pages. Bronte uses Lockwood’s desire for sociability or what could be looked upon as companionship, as an early device for a theme that is continued throughout the novel. The opening lines show Lockwood’s opinion of Heathcliff: .. Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with Jealous resolution, still further in his waistcoat, as I announced my name. (Bronte, 1847,2000:1) The opening lines of the novel show Lockwood relating his first visit to Wuthering Heights, and his initial meeting with Heathcliff. This extract shows the reader how much Lockwood yearns for companionship. The phrase suitable pair suggests that he and Heathcliff are quite similar. However we the reader know that this is far from the case. Heathcliffs abrupt and dismissive manner would be enough to deter any individual for want of his company, but this does not seem to perturb Lockwood. Lockwood continues to pay reverence towards Heathcliff coining him as ‘a capital fellow. Taken in its context this phrase suggests that Heathcliff is a first rate person. We can see that in this lonely secluded moor Lockwood seems to overlook Heathcliffs abhorrent nature in favour of his comradery. If we take the less obvious meaning of ‘capital’ we can see that this word applied to Heathcliff is appropriate in the sense of someone who has the desire to acquire capital and Heathcliff is Just that, someone who wants to have money and land. Desires in The Good Soldier are similarly expressed through relationships. At the beginning of Dowell’s narration he states: If for nine years I have possessed a goodly apple that is rotten at the core and discover its rottenness only in nine years and six months less four days, isn’t it true to say that for nine years I possessed a goodly apple? Ford, 191 5,2010:29) This quote encapsulates everything that is tlawed witn Dowell Narrating the story in retrospect Dowell is aware of all events that have passed, even if it is only through what he has been told from Edward and Leonora. The fact that Dowell compares the couple’s relationship to an apple gives one the impression that it is something that will not last for very long. The shiny nature of an apple is the couples’ fapde that Dowell does not wish to destroy. Even after learning of Edward’s relationship with Florence he still thinks of him as the English gentleman’ and has a high opinion of im throughout his narration. Not only is Dowell’s desire that of stasis but also of nostalgia. He does not wish to think of the couples’ relationship as rotten but only as it was seen from the outside, unblemished and oblivious. It is ironic that Dowell should describe the couples as ‘ four people with the same tastes, with the same desires’ even though they are polar opposites of one another (Ford, 191 5,2010:29) . Dowell is a passionless individual whereas Florence will go to any lengths to obtain her sexual desires. Edward and Florence share the same desire of adultery and social status. It would seem that both Dowell and Leonora have the same desire to help facilitate their partner’s secret affairs, although in Dowell’s case he is completely unaware of it. Ford uses Dowell’s naivety as a tool for his desire for things to remain as they are. In Wuthering Heights Bronte uses characterisation to build a foundation for a complex array of desires. According to Phillip Hill â€Å"Desire is marked by the use of language and signifiers, and is a ‘lack for something that is missing: the object of desire† (Hill, 1997:65). Bronte uses Cathys desire for Heathcliff as one of the main focal points of Nellys narrative. Cathys demand is to return to her childhood relationship with Heathcliff. Out of this comes her desire to be with Heathcliff. She states ‘ he shall never know how I love him†¦ because he is more myself than I am Once a desire is obtained then it is no longer remains the object of desire; another object will become substituted in its place How to cite Mind Styles examined in American Psycho, Papers

Virtual Reality in Construction

Introduction Over the past 3 decades, building design has become increasingly complex due to the necessity of having to incorporate both the technological aspect of modern living (i.e. electrical wires, telecommunication systems, and interior ventilation) as well as the increasing popularity of built in appliances and furniture (i.e. hidden storage spaces, movable beds, etc.).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Virtual Reality in Construction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This, according to Goulding et al. (2012), has lead to numerous problems within the industry wherein architects, builders and engineers alike need to deal with having to translate complex 2D designs on paper into a working and functioning interior and exterior of a building in real life (Goulding et al. 2012, pp. 103-116). Not only that, one of the more unfortunate trends in the present day construction industry is the need to construct bui ldings within a relatively short period of time in order to save on the cost of labor and utilities. As a result, some construction projects tend to run 24 hours a day with multiple labor shifts being implemented in order to ensure that the building is completed as fast as possible. Li et al. (2003) states that such a method of construction, while impressive in terms of cost savings and completion time, can lead to mistakes in the building design since supervisors cannot be around 24 hours a day to ensure that the designs are completed according to their specifications (Li et al. 2003, p. 561). Another factor that should be taken into consideration is the fact that many constructions companies around the world, particularly those in China and the Middle East, tend to hire foreign design firms in order to create visually stunning buildings that have complex inner workings. At times the normal working relationship between an architect, the building’s engineers and laborers does not exist since the architect is on another continent and has merely provided the designs necessary for the building’s construction and nothing more.Advertising Looking for coursework on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is due to the factors that have been mentioned that it is necessary for a new system to be implemented that allows for the visualization of the design as well as allows for better collaboration between the architect, engineers and builders to ensure that the design elements, both aesthetic and functional, are implemented in the right way when a building is being constructed. Historical Background Originally, the use of virtual reality in construction within the past decade has been limited to 3D object design wherein separate 3D representations of the exterior and interior of the buildings are designed utilizing 3D Max and other types of software in order to create a representation o f what the interior and exterior of the building is supposed to look like (Qinping 2011, pp. 116-118). Such systems though have been limited to a primarily video based format with no level of interactivity being incorporated into the representation. It merely shows how the design is supposed to look like but does not create an accurate gauge of how particular types of design implements are supposed to be implemented (Animesh et al. 2011, pp. 789-A3). It also did not give a sufficient approximation of space and was universally panned by various architects as a waste of resources due to the amount of time that was needed in order to create a 3D model that could actually be considered an accurate representation. While it continues to be in use within the industry till this very day, its use has been limited to interior design such as helping engineers determine how elements such as fixtures, lighting and other such elements should be implemented. Over the past 4 years though, there has been considerable progress in implementing more technologically complex methods in construction wherein 3D virtual reality technology has been utilized in urban planning as well as transport projects in various countries such as Japan and France (Grant 2010, pp. 60-65).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Virtual Reality in Construction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This type of technology utilizes graphics systems such as CAD, CAM and EDA in order to create a realistic 3D representation of urban landscapes in order to help city planners see how certain types of planned infrastructure projects would impact particular cities (Grant 2010, pp. 60-65). While lacking in the immersive quality of a true 3D experience, this iteration of the technology at the present does show its viability as a means of enabling architects and engineers alike to get a better visual grasp of how a particular building project will lo ok like when established within a cityscape as well as its overall visual appeal. It should be noted though that this iteration of the technology, while effective in showing cityscape perspective, is severely lacking in detail when it comes to representing the various details of a building (Manca Brambilla Colombo 2013, pp. 1-9). There is no software at the present with the capacity to translate architectural design schematics into actual 3D representation. Though there are software products which can create an accurate visual representation of the exterior and interior, when it comes to the placement of supports, the location of circuit breakers and wiring, as well as the design of a building’s internal methods of transportation (i.e. elevators and stairwells) such software simply does not have the capability nor the capacity to be able to do so. Studies do note that with the current progress of technology a fully immersive virtual reality software for architects can be dev eloped within the next 2 to 3 years, however, it will depend on the demand for such technology. Types of Virtual Reality There are currently two types of virtual reality systems that are currently available, immersive and non-immersive systems. Immersive systems utilize a combination of a large headset meant to shut off the â€Å"real world† from the senses of the user and immerse them into a virtual reality environment.Advertising Looking for coursework on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is accomplished by having the headset dominate both a subject’s visual stimuli as well as their auditory stimuli. The end result is that based on what they see and hear, the subject will â€Å"feel† like they are in another environment. Non-immersive systems are standard computer terminals that utilize 3D rendering technology in order to display a 3D environment/object on a computer screen (Roquilly 2011, pp. 653-671). This is the predominant form of virtual reality at the present due to the current limits of technology, however, it is expected that the truly immersive 3D experience will be made available within the next few years. Components of Virtual Reality System The components of a virtual reality system are actually quite simple; the first is the use of an immersive environment device, normally a visor or helmet that goes around a person’s head, that is utilized in order for the user to see the virtual environment created by the computer (Hadikusumo Rowlinson 2002, p. 501). The second component is a method of interaction with the virtual system, this usually comes in the form of a mouse and keyboard however there have been other iterations that have been developed in the form of virtual reality gloves that allow users to â€Å"touch† and manipulate the structures within their environment. The last component of this system comes in the form of a computer that can run the entire simulation. While these technologies have been around for quite some time, the fact remains that there has been an insufficient amount of progress in developing a system that is exclusive to the construction industry alone (Ren et al. 2004, pp. 639-649). A majority of virtual reality systems today are primarily training or gaming related applications. While there are systems that have been developed for the express purpose of 3D modeling and rendering, these applications are primarily used in creating computer games and lack the necessary software infrastructure to judge the stability and effectiveness of various types of building designs. Applications of Virtual Reality The applications of VR technology in construction range from enabling architects and engineers to examine the stability and effectiveness of a design and make the necessary changes to enabling engineers and even construction workers to make design recommendations and actually mold the VR image in such a way so as to reflect such changes (Roquilly 2011, pp. 653-671). The most ideal form of VR technology for the construction industry would be a software program that takes the entirety of a building’s designs and creates a fully functional 3D representation of it. The end result is a 3D model that can be â€Å"explored† by a viewer enabling them to see the design elements in a far less complicated manner as compared to looking at a building’s design blueprint. The technology would enable engineers and architects to potentially spot design f laws and correct them within the program itself instead of during the construction phase of the building. Such a process could potentially save a company millions of dollars in redesign/reconstruction expenses and enable the building to be constructed in a faster and more efficient manner (Wu et al. 2011, pp. 1851-1876). Other potential applications of the technology come in the form of being able to â€Å"move walls out of the way†, this method involves being able to remove certain aspects of the building’s design such as walls, stairwells and other impeding objects in order to examine the underlying superstructure behind them (Hadikusumo Rowlinson 2002, p. 501). This would be done in order to determine if the building design is placing undue pressure on structural supports and if so would require a degree of redesign. Normally, such a feat would be impossible in the case of traditional methods of construction given that removing a significant part of a wall could ha ve dire circumstances for the superstructure as a whole. This shows how virtual reality systems are an effective means of investigating the design of a building without have to incur significant risk or cost in the process. Virtual Reality In Building Design As explained by Ibrahim et al. (2008), one of the advantages of VR technology is that it enables architects and engineers alike to be able to experiment with a variety of design elements and see their outcome (Ibrahim et al. 2008, pp. 73-84). For example, the game â€Å"Mine craft† (a sandbox game that allows for the construction of nearly any type of structure so long as it is composed of square blocks) has actually become a part of several college architecture courses since it enables students to create a variety of designs and test their overall level of effectiveness. The same can be said for virtual constructs wherein the viability of design features, the effectiveness of interior design planning as well as In Space Planning Through the study of Kang et al. (2010) involving 3D imagery technology and its possible uses in design and construction, Kang et al. (2010) mentions that VR technology would be an invaluable resource for space planning since it would enable architects to place and test a variety of infrastructures for a building to see which would be the most feasible and aesthetically pleasing (Kang et al. 2010, pp. 1000-1015). This is usually done by first creating a template of the desired shape of the construction project and building up on that by putting features such as a skyline, a large lobby and other such features. The advantage of this method lies in its ability for the building’s designers to see the visual and operational appeal of a particular design. This results in a far better means of construction since designers will be able to tell immediately if their chosen design fits the intended purpose of a building (Sampaio Henriques 2007, pp. 124-134). Another factor th at should be taken into consideration is the fact that VR technology would allow designers to increase or decrease the open spaces in the interiors of a building (Whyte 2003, pp. 565-572). This enables them to determine the best ratio between the need for openness as well as necessity of having sufficient functionality (Whyte 2003, pp. 565-572). In Interior Designing Based on all that has been mentioned so far regarding the capabilities of VR technology, it already becomes obvious that its beneficial use in interior design stems from its capacity to be able to introduce a large variety of possible design iterations within a relatively short period of time. As a result, this can improve the rate in which the interiors of a building are designed and implemented resulting in a better construction process. In Lighting Design In the study of Klein (2007) which examined the application of VR technology in interior design, Klein (2007) notes that testing the effectiveness of certain lighti ng fixtures is far easier in a virtual environment as compared to real life (Klein 2007, pp. 36-50). The reason behind this is quite simple, VR technology allows the user to cut and paste a lighting fixture in any location in a room within a few seconds in whatever way or number they choose. This enables an interior designer to immediately determine the most effect method of interior lighting within a select space. Such a feat is not possible in the case of traditional methods of lighting design wherein designers have to rely on pre-established lighting patterns due to the inability to test where lighting would be most effective (Sampaio Henriques 2007, pp. 56-61). Attempts to do so normally take a considerable amount of time and resources which would be better utilized in other aspects of the construction project. This shows how VR technology can actually make the interior design of buildings that much more effective since it can help to reveal the best position for placing the li ghting fixtures within a room or expansive area (i.e. a lobby). In Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning One of the main problems in the construction industry at the present is examining whether the heating and air conditioning shafts are placed in such a way that they perform in an efficient manner. While it may be true that during the design phase of a building the architect can draw from a large swath of literature that helps to explain effective ventilation placement, the fact remains that you will not really know there is a problem until you have actually constructed the building and tested the system (Sampaio Henriques 2008, pp. 7-14). VR technology helps to get around this dilemma by setting up a virtual simulation for the ventilation system within a 3D model of the building. Through this process, any problems in the design and implementation of the ventilation system can be resolved while the building is still in the planning stage. This helps to expedite the constructio n process and helps to ensure that costly mistakes are once again avoided (Sampaio Henriques 2008, pp. 7-14). Virtual Reality In Construction Planning And Scheduling Current 4d Planning Approaches Current approaches in 4D planning approaches involve the use of software such as CAD, CAM and EDA in order create virtual simulations of buildings and urban areas. Unfortunately, while the external and internal aesthetic quality of the buildings are superb, there is a distinct lack in sufficient structural programming wherein the building is a building based on appearance and does not take into consideration the physical rules of construction (Woksepp Olofsson 2008, pp. 520-528). This means that the building lack the fundamental rules of construction essential in determining the structural stability of the design elements utilized. Current Limitations Some of the current limitations of the technology come in the form of an insufficient physics infrastructure to actually determine whether a building’s design is actually structurally feasible. Current VR approaches focus mainly on the aesthetic quality of the design and lack a program that proper examines the structural stability of the building’s frame versus the types of supports, designs and spaces utilized (Woksepp Olofsson 2008, pp. 520-528). This is a severe limitation given the necessity of determining whether a building is structurally sound or not. Benefits Of Implementing VR In Construction To Increase The Project Quality And Profit Based on what has been presented so far, it can be seen that there are numerous benefits to implementing VR in construction. VR technology enables architects, engineers and ground personnel to see what the intended outcome of a construction project should be, identify mistakes in the design and make changes prior to the building being constructed (Nikolic et al. 2011, pp. 421-429). As a result, this ensures that when a building is constructed various mistakes rela ted to poor design decisions or errors in the design process are completely avoided which reduces the associated costs such mistakes often entail. Conclusions Overall, what this paper has shown is that VR technology is an effective means of visualization of the design of a building as well as allows for better collaboration between the architect, engineers and builders to ensure that the design elements, both aesthetic and functional, are implemented in the right way when a building is being constructed. Unfortunately, a majority of virtual reality systems today are primarily training or gaming related applications. While there are systems that have been developed for the express purpose of 3D modeling and rendering, these applications are primarily used in creating computer games and lack the necessary software infrastructure to judge the stability and effectiveness of various types of building designs. However, once the software and hardware has improved within the next few years, it can be expected that VR technology will gain main stream acceptance within the construction industry. Reference List Animesh, A, Pinsonneault, A, Sung-Byung, Y, Wonseok, O 2011, ‘An odyssey into virtual worlds: exploring the impacts of technological and spatial environments on intention to purchase virtual products’, MIS Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 789-A3 Goulding, J, Nadim, W, Petridis, P, Alshawi, M 2012, ‘Construction industry offsite production: A virtual reality interactive training environment prototype’, Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 103-116 Grant, A 2010, ‘Virtual everything’, Discover, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 60-65 Hadikusumo, B, Rowlinson, S 2002, ‘Integration of virtually real construction model and design-for-safety-process database’, Automation In Construction, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 501 Ibrahim, Y, Kaka, A, Aouad, G, Kagioglou, M 2008, ‘As-built Documentation of Construction Sequence b y Integrating Virtual Reality with Time-lapse Movies’, Architectural Engineering Design Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 73-84, Kang, L, Moon, H, Dawood, N, Kang, M 2010, ‘Development of methodology and virtual system for optimised simulation of road design data’, Automation In Construction, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1000-1015 Klein, H 2007, ‘From Romanticism to Virtual Reality: Charles Babbage, William Gibson and the Construction of Cyberspace’, Interdisciplinary Humanities, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 36-50 Li, H, Ma, Z, Shen, Q, Kong, S 2003, ‘Virtual experiment of innovative construction operations’, Automation In Construction, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 561 Manca, D, Brambilla, S, Colombo, S 2013, ‘Bridging between Virtual Reality and accident simulation for training of process-industry operators’, Advances In Engineering Software, vol. 55, pp. 1-9 Nikolic, D, Jaruhar, S, Messner, J 2011, ‘Educational Simulation in Construction: Vir tual Construction Simulator’, Journal Of Computing In Civil Engineering, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 421-429 Qinping, Z 2011, ’10 Scientific Problems in Virtual Reality’, Communications Of The ACM, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 116-118 Ren, A, Wen, Y, Chen, C, Shi, J 2004, ‘Modeling of irregular structures for the construction simulation in virtual reality environments based on web’, Automation In Construction, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 639-649 Roquilly, C 2011, ‘Control over virtual worlds by game companies: issues and recommendations’, MIS Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 653-671 Sampaio, A, Henriques, P 2007, ‘Virtual Reality Models used on the Visualization of Construction Activities in Civil Engineering Education’, International Journal Of Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 56-61 Sampaio, A, Henriques, P 2008, ‘Virtual Reality Technology Applied on the Visual Simulation of Construction Activities’, Open Construction Building T echnology Journal, vol. 2, pp. 7-14 Sampaio, A, Henriques, P 2007, ‘The use of virtual reality models in civil engineering training’, International Journal Of Simulation Modelling (IJSIMM), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 124-134, Whyte, J 2003, ‘Innovation and users: virtual reality in the construction sector’, Construction Management Economics, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 565-572 Woksepp, S, Olofsson, T 2008, ‘Credibility and applicability of virtual reality models in design and construction’, Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 520-528 Wu, D, Zhu, H, Zhen, X, Fan, X 2011, ‘Tools and equipment modeling for interactive assembling operating in a virtual environment’, International Journal Of Production Research, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1851-1876 Xiangyu, W 2007, ‘Using Augmented Reality to Plan Virtual Construction Worksite’, International Journal Of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 501-512 This coursework on Virtual Reality in Construction was written and submitted by user Cailyn Lee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.